by Yendoubé Lare, Koffi Sagna and A. Razak Ali-Tagba
Original Research
In Togo, the production of electrical energy is mainly hydroelectric and thermal, but the needs remain far greater than the resources; in particular in the city of Lomé, the inhabitants of the city try to fill this energy deficit, among others, by solar systems. Once installed, and in the presence of the sun, solar panels operate continuously until the end of their service, regardless of whether the use is effective or not; which therefore causes losses in the event of overproduction and non-storage. To overcome this problem, we have studied in this article a PV installation (a solar power plant) which is connected to the electrical network, which represents a significant saving in investment and in operation. Thus, in our study, we designed and optimized our PV-Grid model which shows a photovoltaic system connected to the electricity grid through DC / DC boosting power converters and a DC / AC inverter. In this model, we have fixed the meteorological conditions relating to Togo, such as incident solar illumination and temperature, thus making it possible to fix the reference variables Ipvref (photovoltaic current produced) on the DC / DC side and Irmref (final current injected into the network) on the DC / AC side. Thanks to the results obtained, we can recommend this model of photovoltaic system connected to the grid under Togo's conditions and at the same time develop an energy policy and an integration of renewable electricity in Togo strong enough to trigger long-term sustainable development.
American Journal of Energy Research. 2021, 9(1), 56-74. DOI: 10.12691/ajer-9-1-6
Pub. Date: July 29, 2021
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by Ghormallah S. Alzahrani and Ahmed M. Nahhas
Original Research
This paper presents an analytical study of photovoltaic (PV) power generation of two regions in Saudi Arabia. Renewable energy resources have recently been acknowledged as a vital component of global economic stability, particularly in countries like Saudi Arabia. Saudi Arabia is a vibrant country that is experiencing significant population increase, which has resulted in high electricity usage. Because of the strong solar radiation, huge rainless area, and lengthy sunlight, Saudi Arabia has a bright future in terms of using solar energy more broadly. As a result, the Saudi Arabian government has invested billions of dollars in large-scale renewable and sustainable energy projects around the country, backed by strong funding. Saudi Arabia wants to boost solar power output to meet a large amount of the country's prospective energy needs. Various installations and research projects are currently being carried out throughout the kingdom to meet its solar power ambitions. As a result, it is critical to keep up with the latest developments in the solar business in the country. Development and Research (R&D). In this work a simulation (PVsyst 7.1) software program to simulate the installation of PV cells on two regions of Saudi Arabia including Al-Al-Riyadh and Al-Jubail regions. Also, the possibility of using the tracker system to track the sunshine and generate more power from PV systems is discussed. This paper presents, however, is a partnership and it intends to examine the existing state, growth, potential, resources, sustainability performance, and prospects of renewable energy in Saudi Arabia in accordance with Saudi Vision 2030.
American Journal of Energy Research. 2021, 9(1), 45-55. DOI: 10.12691/ajer-9-1-5
Pub. Date: July 27, 2021
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by Qasim A. Alabdali and Ahmed M. Nahhas
Original Research
This paper presents an analytical study of PV power generation of two regions in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Arabia need to expand its power generation capacity to meet expected rises in electricity demand. Saudi Arabia has good future to use the solar energy more extensively because of the availability of high solar radiation, large rainless area, and long sunlight. Saudi Arabia aims to increase the solar power production to meet a significant portion of potential energy demand in the country. In order to achieve its solar power goals, various installations and research works are being undertaken nowadays in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, the most recent updates of the solar industry in the country are important to further R&D research. In this work the Saudi Arabia the potential prospect of the solar industry is presented. This paper discusses the scope of connect of photovoltaic (PV) system with grid. Moreover, it presents the solution for reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions during the production of electricity in Saudi Arabia. The simulation program (PVsyst 7.1) was used to simulate the installation of the PV cells on the two regions of Saudi Arabia, Yanbu and Rabigh.
American Journal of Energy Research. 2021, 9(1), 30-44. DOI: 10.12691/ajer-9-1-4
Pub. Date: July 22, 2021
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by Abdulwahab M. Bajawi and Ahmed M. Nahhas
Original Research
This paper presents an analytical study of PV power generation of two regions in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Arabia need to expand its power generation capacity to meet expected rises in electricity demand. Saudi Arabia has good future to use the solar energy more extensively because of the availability of high solar radiation, large rainless area, and long sunlight. Saudi Arabia aims to increase solar power production to meet a significant portion of potential energy demand in the country. To achieve its solar power goals, various installations and research works are being undertaken nowadays in the Saudi Arabia. Therefore, the most recent updates of the solar industry in the country are important for further research investigation. This paper explores the present state of Saudi Arabia and the potential prospects of the solar industry. It also aims to discuss the possibility of connecting the photovoltaic (PV) system with the grid, while calculating the amount of reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions during the production of electricity through clean energy. In this work a simulation (PVsyst 7.1) software program to simulate the installation of PV cells on two regions of Saudi Arabia including Al-Shuaiba and Al-Shuqiq regions. Also, the possibility of using the tracker system to track the sunshine and generate more power from PV systems was discussed.
American Journal of Energy Research. 2021, 9(1), 21-29. DOI: 10.12691/ajer-9-1-3
Pub. Date: July 11, 2021
3868 Views13 Downloads
by Carine Pamela Aghogue Donchi, Ernest Léontin Lemoubou, Hervé Thierry Tagne Kamdem and René Tchinda
Original Research
The present paper deals with an equivalent two-dimensional prediction of a mixed solar drying system performances using a thermal network procedure and the numerical simulation. The aim has been to build the equivalent electric circuit of the mixed solar drying facility and investigate the space and time variabilities of temperature transfer in a solar drying system.The balance equations modelling the physical elements are approximated iteratively using the finite difference method. The results obtained indicate that the proposed two-dimensional predictions based on sinusoidal approximation of solar radiation and air temperature inputs adequately describe both collector and dryer temperature profiles. The influences of various parameters such as the space resolution, the mass flow rate, the average temperature and solar radiation inputs have been investigated and discussed. The numerical simulations show that the temperature of each element of the drying system is not uniform and varies considerably with the space and time nodes, and therefore increases gradually from the first-node of the macroscopic drying flow to the end-node.
American Journal of Energy Research. 2021, 9(1), 6-20. DOI: 10.12691/ajer-9-1-2
Pub. Date: April 12, 2021
4565 Views2 Downloads
by Gitonga M. John, Simon W. Mugo, James M. Ngaruiya, Nelson Mugambi and Geoffrey G. Riungu
Original Research
We report on the correlation between bond energy and optical band energy of TiO2 thin films prepared through sol gel doctor-blade technique. The TiO2 films were deposited on doped fluorine tin IV oxide (SnO2:F) layer on glass substrates. UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy was carried out on as-deposited and subsequent annealed films at different rates from room temperature up to 450°C. The average optical transmittance within the visible region was 73.5%, 73.4%, 70.5% and 69.9% for the as-deposited, 1-step annealed, 2°C/min, and 1°C/min films, respectively. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed presence of functional elements of Ti = O with a peak at 587.7 cm-1. Bond energy for the films was calculated using Madelung equation with inclusion of the second coordination sphere for crystalline state. The values of bond energies were found to be 3.99 eV, 4.02 eV, 4.12 eV and 4.16 eV for the as-deposited, 1-step annealed, 2°C/min, and 1°C/min films respectively. The analysis of the band gap was done using Tauc’s relation. Band gap energy ranged from 4.02 eV to 5.04 eV. A statistical correlation between bond energy and optical band energy was established. Films annealed at 1°C/min recorded the highest bond energy and lowest band gap energy. This is attributed to the process of nucleation and crystal growth which are governed by thermodynamic properties. Prolonged exposure to higher temperatures through low annealing rates led to formation of films with high bond energy and low band gap.
American Journal of Energy Research. 2021, 9(1), 1-5. DOI: 10.12691/ajer-9-1-1
Pub. Date: February 06, 2021
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